observation.xsd Observations and Measurements - XML Implementation is an OGC Standard.Copyright (c) [2010] Open Geospatial Consortium.To obtain additional rights of use, visit http://www.opengeospatial.org/legal/.
Properties
attribute form default
unqualified
element form default
qualified
version
2.0.0
Element om:OM_Observation
Namespace
http://www.opengis.net/om/2.0
Annotations
Observation is an act ("event"), whose result is an estimate of the valueof a property of the feature of interest. The observed property may be any propertyassociated with the type of the feature of interest.
The attribute gml:id supports provision of a handle for the XML element representing a GML Object. Its use is mandatory for all GML objects. It is of XML type ID, so is constrained to be unique in the XML document within which it occurs.
Source
<element name="OM_Observation" type="om:OM_ObservationType" substitutionGroup="gml:AbstractFeature"><annotation><documentation>Observation is an act ("event"), whose result is an estimate of the value of a property of the feature of interest. The observed property may be any property associated with the type of the feature of interest.</documentation></annotation></element>
If present, the sub-element 'type' shall indicate the class ofobservation. A register of type identifiers corresponding with theobservation types in ISO 19156, which distinguishes types on the basis ofthe type of the result, is provided by OGC athttp://www.opengis.net/def/observationType/OGC-OM/2.0/
<element name="type" type="gml:ReferenceType" minOccurs="0"><annotation><documentation>If present, the sub-element 'type' shall indicate the class of observation. A register of type identifiers corresponding with the observation types in ISO 19156, which distinguishes types on the basis of the type of the result, is provided by OGC at http://www.opengis.net/def/observationType/OGC-OM/2.0/</documentation></annotation></element>
<element name="metadata" type="gmd:MD_Metadata_PropertyType" minOccurs="0"><annotation><documentation>If present, the association Metadata shall link the OM_Observation to descriptive metadata.</documentation></annotation></element>
Some observations depend on other observations to providecontext which is important, sometimes essential, in understanding theresult. These dependencies are stronger than mere spatiotemporalcoincidences, requiring explicit representation. If present, the associationclass ObservationContext (Figure 2) shall link a OM_Observation to anotherOM_Observation, with the role name relatedObservation for the target.
<element name="relatedObservation" type="om:ObservationContextPropertyType" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"><annotation><documentation>Some observations depend on other observations to provide context which is important, sometimes essential, in understanding the result. These dependencies are stronger than mere spatiotemporal coincidences, requiring explicit representation. If present, the association class ObservationContext (Figure 2) shall link a OM_Observation to another OM_Observation, with the role name relatedObservation for the target.</documentation></annotation></element>
Element om:ObservationContext
Namespace
http://www.opengis.net/om/2.0
Annotations
Some observations depend on other observations to provide context whichis important, sometimes essential, in understanding the result. These dependenciesare stronger than mere spatiotemporal coincidences, requiring explicitrepresentation. If present, the association class ObservationContext (Figure 2)shall link a OM_Observation to another OM_Observation, with the role namerelatedObservation for the target.
<element name="ObservationContext" type="om:ObservationContextType"><annotation><documentation>Some observations depend on other observations to provide context which is important, sometimes essential, in understanding the result. These dependencies are stronger than mere spatiotemporal coincidences, requiring explicit representation. If present, the association class ObservationContext (Figure 2) shall link a OM_Observation to another OM_Observation, with the role name relatedObservation for the target.</documentation></annotation></element>
<element name="role" type="gml:ReferenceType"><annotation><documentation>The attribute 'role' shall describe the relationship of the target OM_Observation to the source OM_Observation.</documentation></annotation></element>
Some observations depend on other observations to providecontext which is important, sometimes essential, in understanding theresult. These dependencies are stronger than mere spatiotemporalcoincidences, requiring explicit representation. If present, the associationclass ObservationContext (Figure 2) shall link a OM_Observation to anotherOM_Observation, with the role name relatedObservation for the target.
<element name="relatedObservation" type="gml:ReferenceType"><annotation><appinfo><gml:targetElement>om:OM_Observation</gml:targetElement></appinfo><documentation>Some observations depend on other observations to provide context which is important, sometimes essential, in understanding the result. These dependencies are stronger than mere spatiotemporal coincidences, requiring explicit representation. If present, the association class ObservationContext (Figure 2) shall link a OM_Observation to another OM_Observation, with the role name relatedObservation for the target.</documentation></annotation></element>
The attribute phenomenonTime:TM_Object shall describe the timethat the result (6.2.2.9) applies to the property of the feature-of-interest(6.2.2.7). This is often the time of interaction by a sampling procedure(8.1.3) or observation procedure (6.2.2.10) with a real-world feature.
<element name="phenomenonTime" type="om:TimeObjectPropertyType"><annotation><documentation>The attribute phenomenonTime:TM_Object shall describe the time that the result (6.2.2.9) applies to the property of the feature-of-interest (6.2.2.7). This is often the time of interaction by a sampling procedure (8.1.3) or observation procedure (6.2.2.10) with a real-world feature.</documentation></annotation></element>
The attribute resultTime:TM_Instant shall describe the time whenthe result became available, typically when the procedure (6.2.2.10)associated with the observation was completed For some observations this isidentical to the samplingTime. However, there are important cases where theydiffer.
<element name="resultTime" type="gml:TimeInstantPropertyType" block="#all"><!-- om:resultTime is used in schematron-based validaty tests, so must not be changed --><annotation><documentation>The attribute resultTime:TM_Instant shall describe the time when the result became available, typically when the procedure (6.2.2.10) associated with the observation was completed For some observations this is identical to the samplingTime. However, there are important cases where they differ.</documentation></annotation></element>
<element name="validTime" type="gml:TimePeriodPropertyType" minOccurs="0"><annotation><documentation>If present, the attribute validTime:TM_Period shall describe the time period during which the result is intended to be used.</documentation></annotation></element>
The association ProcessUsed shall link the OM_Observation to theOM_Process (6.2.3) used to generate the result. The process has the roleprocedure with respect to the observation. A process might be responsiblefor more than one generatedObservation.
<element name="procedure" type="om:OM_ProcessPropertyType" nillable="true"><annotation><documentation>The association ProcessUsed shall link the OM_Observation to the OM_Process (6.2.3) used to generate the result. The process has the role procedure with respect to the observation. A process might be responsible for more than one generatedObservation.</documentation></annotation></element>
If present, the attributes parameter:NamedValue shall describean arbitrary event-specific parameter. This might be an environmentalparameter, an instrument setting or input, or an event-specific samplingparameter that is not tightly bound to either the feature-of-interest(6.2.2.7) or to the observation procedure (6.2.2.10). To avoid ambiguity,there shall be no more than one parameter with the same name. NOTEParameters that are tightly bound to the procedure may be recorded as partof the procedure description. In some contexts the Observation::procedure(6.2.2.10) is a generic or standard procedure, rather than an event-specificprocess. In this context, parameters bound to the observation act, such asinstrument settings, calibrations or inputs, local position, detectionlimits, asset identifier, operator, may augment the description of astandard procedure.
<element name="parameter" type="om:NamedValuePropertyType" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"><annotation><documentation>If present, the attributes parameter:NamedValue shall describe an arbitrary event-specific parameter. This might be an environmental parameter, an instrument setting or input, or an event-specific sampling parameter that is not tightly bound to either the feature-of-interest (6.2.2.7) or to the observation procedure (6.2.2.10). To avoid ambiguity, there shall be no more than one parameter with the same name. NOTE Parameters that are tightly bound to the procedure may be recorded as part of the procedure description. In some contexts the Observation::procedure (6.2.2.10) is a generic or standard procedure, rather than an event-specific process. In this context, parameters bound to the observation act, such as instrument settings, calibrations or inputs, local position, detection limits, asset identifier, operator, may augment the description of a standard procedure.</documentation></annotation></element>
Element om:NamedValue
Namespace
http://www.opengis.net/om/2.0
Annotations
The class 'NamedValue' provides for a generic soft-typed parametervalue. NamedValue shall support two attributes.
<element name="NamedValue" type="om:NamedValueType"><annotation><documentation>The class 'NamedValue' provides for a generic soft-typed parameter value. NamedValue shall support two attributes.</documentation></annotation></element>
<element name="name" type="gml:ReferenceType"><annotation><documentation>The attribute 'name' shall indicate the meaning of the named value. Its value should be taken from a well-governed source if possible.</documentation></annotation></element>
The attribute 'value' shall provide the value. The type Anyshould be substituted by a suitable concrete type, such asCI_ResponsibleParty or Measure.
Diagram
Source
<element name="value"><annotation><documentation>The attribute 'value' shall provide the value. The type Any should be substituted by a suitable concrete type, such as CI_ResponsibleParty or Measure.</documentation></annotation></element>
The association Phenomenon shall link the OM_Observation to theGFI_PropertyType (C.2.2) for which the OM_Observation:result (6.2.2.9)provides an estimate of its value. The property type has the roleobservedProperty with respect to the observation. The observed propertyshall be a phenomenon associated with the type of the featureOfInterest.NOTE An observed property may, but need not be modelled as a property (inthe sense of the General Feature Model) in a formal application schema thatdefines the type of the feature of interest The observed property supportssemantic or thematic classification of observations, which is useful fordiscovery and data fusion.
<element name="observedProperty" type="gml:ReferenceType" nillable="true"><annotation><appinfo><gml:targetElement>xs:anyType</gml:targetElement></appinfo><documentation>The association Phenomenon shall link the OM_Observation to the GFI_PropertyType (C.2.2) for which the OM_Observation:result (6.2.2.9) provides an estimate of its value. The property type has the role observedProperty with respect to the observation. The observed property shall be a phenomenon associated with the type of the featureOfInterest. NOTE An observed property may, but need not be modelled as a property (in the sense of the General Feature Model) in a formal application schema that defines the type of the feature of interest The observed property supports semantic or thematic classification of observations, which is useful for discovery and data fusion.</documentation></annotation></element>
The association Domain shall link the OM_Observation to theGFI_Feature (C.2.1) that is the subject of the observation and carries theobserved property. This feature has the role featureOfInterest with respectto the observation. This feature is the real-world object whose propertiesare under observation, or is a feature intended to sample the real-worldobject, as described in Clause 8 of this International Standard. Anobservation instance serves as a propertyValueProvider for its feature ofinterest.
<element name="featureOfInterest" type="gml:FeaturePropertyType" nillable="true"><annotation><documentation>The association Domain shall link the OM_Observation to the GFI_Feature (C.2.1) that is the subject of the observation and carries the observed property. This feature has the role featureOfInterest with respect to the observation. This feature is the real-world object whose properties are under observation, or is a feature intended to sample the real-world object, as described in Clause 8 of this International Standard. An observation instance serves as a propertyValueProvider for its feature of interest.</documentation></annotation></element>
If present, the attributes resultQuality:DQ_Element shalldescribe the quality of the result (6.2.2.9). This instance-specificdescription complements the description of the observation procedure(6.2.2.10), which provides information concerning the quality of allobservations using this procedure. Quality of a result may be assessedfollowing the procedures in ISO 19114:2003. Multiple measures may beprovided (ISO/TS 19138:2006).
<element name="resultQuality" type="gmd:DQ_Element_PropertyType" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"><annotation><documentation>If present, the attributes resultQuality:DQ_Element shall describe the quality of the result (6.2.2.9). This instance-specific description complements the description of the observation procedure (6.2.2.10), which provides information concerning the quality of all observations using this procedure. Quality of a result may be assessed following the procedures in ISO 19114:2003. Multiple measures may be provided (ISO/TS 19138:2006).</documentation></annotation></element>
Element om:result
Namespace
http://www.opengis.net/om/2.0
Annotations
The association Range shall link the OM_Observation to the valuegenerated by the procedure. The value has the role result with respect to theobservation. The type of the result is shown as Any, since it may represent thevalue of any feature property. NOTE 1 OGC SWE Common provides a model suitable fordescribing many kinds of observation results. The type of the observation resultshall be consistent with the observed property, and the scale or scope for the valueshall be consistent with the quantity or category type. If the observed property(6.2.2.8) is a spatial operation or function, the type of the result may be acoverage, NOTE 2 In some contexts, particularly in earth and environmental sciences,the term “observation” is used to refer to the result itself.
<element name="result"><annotation><documentation>The association Range shall link the OM_Observation to the value generated by the procedure. The value has the role result with respect to the observation. The type of the result is shown as Any, since it may represent the value of any feature property. NOTE 1 OGC SWE Common provides a model suitable for describing many kinds of observation results. The type of the observation result shall be consistent with the observed property, and the scale or scope for the value shall be consistent with the quantity or category type. If the observed property (6.2.2.8) is a spatial operation or function, the type of the result may be a coverage, NOTE 2 In some contexts, particularly in earth and environmental sciences, the term “observation” is used to refer to the result itself.</documentation></annotation></element>
Complex Type om:OM_ProcessPropertyType
Namespace
http://www.opengis.net/om/2.0
Annotations
The purpose of an observation process is to generate an observationresult. An instance is often an instrument or sensor, but may be a human observer, asimulator, or a process or algorithm applied to more primitive results used asinputs. The model for OM_Process is abstract, and has no attributes, operations, orassociations. NOTE ISO 19115-2:2008 provides MI_Instrument, LE_Processing andLE_Algorithm, which could all be modelled as specializations of OM_Process. Anysuitable XML may be used to describe the observation process in line, provided thatit is contained in a single XML element. If reference to a schema is provided itmust also be valid. OGC SensorML provides a model which is suitable for manyobservation procedures.
<complexType name="OM_ProcessPropertyType"><annotation><documentation>The purpose of an observation process is to generate an observation result. An instance is often an instrument or sensor, but may be a human observer, a simulator, or a process or algorithm applied to more primitive results used as inputs. The model for OM_Process is abstract, and has no attributes, operations, or associations. NOTE ISO 19115-2:2008 provides MI_Instrument, LE_Processing and LE_Algorithm, which could all be modelled as specializations of OM_Process. Any suitable XML may be used to describe the observation process in line, provided that it is contained in a single XML element. If reference to a schema is provided it must also be valid. OGC SensorML provides a model which is suitable for many observation procedures.</documentation></annotation><sequence minOccurs="0"><any namespace="##any" processContents="lax"><annotation><documentation>Any suitable XML may be used to describe the observation process in line, provided that it is contained in a single XML element. If refernece to a schema is provided it must also be valid.</documentation></annotation></any></sequence><attributeGroup ref="gml:AssociationAttributeGroup"/></complexType>
The attribute gml:id supports provision of a handle for the XML element representing a GML Object. Its use is mandatory for all GML objects. It is of XML type ID, so is constrained to be unique in the XML document within which it occurs.
Source
<complexType name="OM_ObservationType"><annotation><documentation>Generic observation, whose result is anyType The following properties are inherited from AbstractFeatureType:<!-- from AbstractGMLType
<element ref="gml:metaDataProperty" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
<element ref="gml:description" minOccurs="0"/>
<element ref="gml:name" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/> --><!-- from AbstractFeatureType
<element ref="gml:boundedBy" minOccurs="0"/> --></documentation></annotation><complexContent><extension base="gml:AbstractFeatureType"><sequence><group ref="om:OM_CommonProperties"/><element ref="om:result"/></sequence></extension></complexContent></complexType>
Complex Type om:ObservationContextPropertyType
Namespace
http://www.opengis.net/om/2.0
Annotations
ObservationContext is a dataType, without identity, so may only be usedinline
<complexType name="ObservationContextPropertyType"><annotation><documentation>ObservationContext is a dataType, without identity, so may only be used inline</documentation></annotation><sequence><element ref="om:ObservationContext"/></sequence></complexType>
Complex Type om:ObservationContextType
Namespace
http://www.opengis.net/om/2.0
Annotations
Some observations depend on other observations to provide context whichis important, sometimes essential, in understanding the result. These dependenciesare stronger than mere spatiotemporal coincidences, requiring explicitrepresentation. If present, the association class ObservationContext (Figure 2)shall link a OM_Observation to another OM_Observation, with the role namerelatedObservation for the target.
<complexType name="ObservationContextType"><annotation><documentation>Some observations depend on other observations to provide context which is important, sometimes essential, in understanding the result. These dependencies are stronger than mere spatiotemporal coincidences, requiring explicit representation. If present, the association class ObservationContext (Figure 2) shall link a OM_Observation to another OM_Observation, with the role name relatedObservation for the target.</documentation></annotation><sequence><element name="role" type="gml:ReferenceType"><annotation><documentation>The attribute 'role' shall describe the relationship of the target OM_Observation to the source OM_Observation.</documentation></annotation></element><element name="relatedObservation" type="gml:ReferenceType"><annotation><appinfo><gml:targetElement>om:OM_Observation</gml:targetElement></appinfo><documentation>Some observations depend on other observations to provide context which is important, sometimes essential, in understanding the result. These dependencies are stronger than mere spatiotemporal coincidences, requiring explicit representation. If present, the association class ObservationContext (Figure 2) shall link a OM_Observation to another OM_Observation, with the role name relatedObservation for the target.</documentation></annotation></element></sequence></complexType>
Complex Type om:TimeObjectPropertyType
Namespace
http://www.opengis.net/om/2.0
Annotations
This property type is not provided directly by GML
<complexType name="TimeObjectPropertyType"><annotation><documentation>This property type is not provided directly by GML</documentation></annotation><sequence minOccurs="0"><element ref="gml:AbstractTimeObject"/></sequence><attributeGroup ref="gml:AssociationAttributeGroup"/></complexType>
Complex Type om:NamedValuePropertyType
Namespace
http://www.opengis.net/om/2.0
Annotations
The class 'NamedValue' provides for a generic soft-typed parametervalue. NamedValue shall support two attributes.
<complexType name="NamedValuePropertyType"><annotation><documentation>The class 'NamedValue' provides for a generic soft-typed parameter value. NamedValue shall support two attributes.</documentation></annotation><sequence minOccurs="0"><element ref="om:NamedValue"/></sequence><attributeGroup ref="gml:AssociationAttributeGroup"/></complexType>
Complex Type om:NamedValueType
Namespace
http://www.opengis.net/om/2.0
Annotations
The class 'NamedValue' provides for a generic soft-typed parametervalue. NamedValue shall support two attributes.
<complexType name="NamedValueType"><annotation><documentation>The class 'NamedValue' provides for a generic soft-typed parameter value. NamedValue shall support two attributes.</documentation></annotation><sequence><element name="name" type="gml:ReferenceType"><annotation><documentation>The attribute 'name' shall indicate the meaning of the named value. Its value should be taken from a well-governed source if possible.</documentation></annotation></element><element name="value"><annotation><documentation>The attribute 'value' shall provide the value. The type Any should be substituted by a suitable concrete type, such as CI_ResponsibleParty or Measure.</documentation></annotation></element></sequence></complexType>
Element Group om:OM_CommonProperties
Namespace
http://www.opengis.net/om/2.0
Annotations
Base type for Observations. Observation is an act ("event"), whose resultis an estimate of the value of a property of the feature of interest. The observedproperty may be any property associated with the type of the feature of interest.Concrete observation types must add a *result* property of a suitable type.
<group name="OM_CommonProperties"><annotation><documentation>Base type for Observations. Observation is an act ("event"), whose result is an estimate of the value of a property of the feature of interest. The observed property may be any property associated with the type of the feature of interest. Concrete observation types must add a *result* property of a suitable type.</documentation></annotation><sequence><element name="type" type="gml:ReferenceType" minOccurs="0"><annotation><documentation>If present, the sub-element 'type' shall indicate the class of observation. A register of type identifiers corresponding with the observation types in ISO 19156, which distinguishes types on the basis of the type of the result, is provided by OGC at http://www.opengis.net/def/observationType/OGC-OM/2.0/</documentation></annotation></element><element name="metadata" type="gmd:MD_Metadata_PropertyType" minOccurs="0"><annotation><documentation>If present, the association Metadata shall link the OM_Observation to descriptive metadata.</documentation></annotation></element><element name="relatedObservation" type="om:ObservationContextPropertyType" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"><annotation><documentation>Some observations depend on other observations to provide context which is important, sometimes essential, in understanding the result. These dependencies are stronger than mere spatiotemporal coincidences, requiring explicit representation. If present, the association class ObservationContext (Figure 2) shall link a OM_Observation to another OM_Observation, with the role name relatedObservation for the target.</documentation></annotation></element><element name="phenomenonTime" type="om:TimeObjectPropertyType"><annotation><documentation>The attribute phenomenonTime:TM_Object shall describe the time that the result (6.2.2.9) applies to the property of the feature-of-interest (6.2.2.7). This is often the time of interaction by a sampling procedure (8.1.3) or observation procedure (6.2.2.10) with a real-world feature.</documentation></annotation></element><element name="resultTime" type="gml:TimeInstantPropertyType" block="#all"><!-- om:resultTime is used in schematron-based validaty tests, so must not be changed --><annotation><documentation>The attribute resultTime:TM_Instant shall describe the time when the result became available, typically when the procedure (6.2.2.10) associated with the observation was completed For some observations this is identical to the samplingTime. However, there are important cases where they differ.</documentation></annotation></element><element name="validTime" type="gml:TimePeriodPropertyType" minOccurs="0"><annotation><documentation>If present, the attribute validTime:TM_Period shall describe the time period during which the result is intended to be used.</documentation></annotation></element><element name="procedure" type="om:OM_ProcessPropertyType" nillable="true"><annotation><documentation>The association ProcessUsed shall link the OM_Observation to the OM_Process (6.2.3) used to generate the result. The process has the role procedure with respect to the observation. A process might be responsible for more than one generatedObservation.</documentation></annotation></element><element name="parameter" type="om:NamedValuePropertyType" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"><annotation><documentation>If present, the attributes parameter:NamedValue shall describe an arbitrary event-specific parameter. This might be an environmental parameter, an instrument setting or input, or an event-specific sampling parameter that is not tightly bound to either the feature-of-interest (6.2.2.7) or to the observation procedure (6.2.2.10). To avoid ambiguity, there shall be no more than one parameter with the same name. NOTE Parameters that are tightly bound to the procedure may be recorded as part of the procedure description. In some contexts the Observation::procedure (6.2.2.10) is a generic or standard procedure, rather than an event-specific process. In this context, parameters bound to the observation act, such as instrument settings, calibrations or inputs, local position, detection limits, asset identifier, operator, may augment the description of a standard procedure.</documentation></annotation></element><element name="observedProperty" type="gml:ReferenceType" nillable="true"><annotation><appinfo><gml:targetElement>xs:anyType</gml:targetElement></appinfo><documentation>The association Phenomenon shall link the OM_Observation to the GFI_PropertyType (C.2.2) for which the OM_Observation:result (6.2.2.9) provides an estimate of its value. The property type has the role observedProperty with respect to the observation. The observed property shall be a phenomenon associated with the type of the featureOfInterest. NOTE An observed property may, but need not be modelled as a property (in the sense of the General Feature Model) in a formal application schema that defines the type of the feature of interest The observed property supports semantic or thematic classification of observations, which is useful for discovery and data fusion.</documentation></annotation></element><element name="featureOfInterest" type="gml:FeaturePropertyType" nillable="true"><annotation><documentation>The association Domain shall link the OM_Observation to the GFI_Feature (C.2.1) that is the subject of the observation and carries the observed property. This feature has the role featureOfInterest with respect to the observation. This feature is the real-world object whose properties are under observation, or is a feature intended to sample the real-world object, as described in Clause 8 of this International Standard. An observation instance serves as a propertyValueProvider for its feature of interest.</documentation></annotation></element><element name="resultQuality" type="gmd:DQ_Element_PropertyType" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"><annotation><documentation>If present, the attributes resultQuality:DQ_Element shall describe the quality of the result (6.2.2.9). This instance-specific description complements the description of the observation procedure (6.2.2.10), which provides information concerning the quality of all observations using this procedure. Quality of a result may be assessed following the procedures in ISO 19114:2003. Multiple measures may be provided (ISO/TS 19138:2006).</documentation></annotation></element></sequence></group>
